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      <h1 class="post-title">pip学习笔记</h1>

      <div class="post-meta">
        <span class="post-time"> 2018-12-03 </span>
        <div class="post-category">
            <a href="/categories/python/"> Python </a>
            </div>
          <span class="more-meta"> 约 1278 字 </span>
          <span class="more-meta"> 预计阅读 3 分钟 </span>
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  <h2 class="post-toc-title">文章目录</h2>
  <div class="post-toc-content">
    <nav id="TableOfContents">
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#pip版本">pip版本</a></li>
    <li><a href="#更新pip">更新pip</a></li>
    <li><a href="#查看安装了哪些库">查看安装了哪些库</a></li>
    <li><a href="#安装包">安装包</a></li>
    <li><a href="#更新包">更新包</a></li>
    <li><a href="#删除包">删除包</a></li>
    <li><a href="#搜索包">搜索包</a></li>
    <li><a href="#显示安装包信息">显示安装包信息</a></li>
  </ul>

  <ul>
    <li><a href="#安装virtualenv">安装virtualenv</a></li>
    <li><a href="#创建虚拟环境">创建虚拟环境</a></li>
    <li><a href="#进入虚拟环境">进入虚拟环境</a></li>
    <li><a href="#导出此环境下安装的包的版本信息">导出此环境下安装的包的版本信息</a></li>
  </ul>

  <ul>
    <li><a href="#安装pipenv">安装pipenv</a></li>
    <li><a href="#初始化虚拟环境">初始化虚拟环境</a></li>
    <li><a href="#安装包-1">安装包</a></li>
    <li><a href="#产生-pipfilelock">产生 Pipfile.lock</a></li>
    <li><a href="#卸载包">卸载包</a></li>
    <li><a href="#pipenv全局参数">pipenv全局参数</a></li>
    <li><a href="#pipenv环境参数">pipenv环境参数</a></li>
  </ul>
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</div>
    <div class="post-content">
      <h2 id="pip版本">pip版本</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">pip --version <span class="c1"># 或</span>
pip -V
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="更新pip">更新pip</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">pip install -U pip 
<span class="c1">#或</span>
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
<span class="c1"># 如果这个升级命令出现问题 ，可以使用以下命令</span>
easy_install --upgrade pip
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="查看安装了哪些库">查看安装了哪些库</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">pip freeze
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="安装包">安装包</h2>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">pip install SomePackage              <span class="c1"># 最新版本</span>
pip install <span class="nv">SomePackage</span><span class="o">==</span>1.0.4       <span class="c1"># 指定版本</span>
pip install <span class="s1">&#39;SomePackage&gt;=1.0.4&#39;</span>     <span class="c1"># 最小版本</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="更新包">更新包</h2>
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">pip list --outupdate <span class="c1"># 查看过时的包</span>
<span class="c1"># 或</span>
pip list -o <span class="c1"># 查看可升级的包</span>
pip install --upgrade SomePackage <span class="c1"># 更新某个包</span>
<span class="c1"># 或</span>
pip install -U SomePackage
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="删除包">删除包</h2>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">pip uninstall packages
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="搜索包">搜索包</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">pip search SomePackage
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="显示安装包信息">显示安装包信息</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">pip show SomePackage
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h1 id="虚拟环境-virtualenv">虚拟环境 virtualenv</h1>
<hr>
<h2 id="安装virtualenv">安装virtualenv</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">pip install virtualenv
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="创建虚拟环境">创建虚拟环境</h2>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">virtualenv --no-site-packages venv<span class="o">(</span>虚拟环境名字<span class="o">)</span> <span class="c1"># --no-site-packages参数表示创建一个干净的环境</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="进入虚拟环境">进入虚拟环境</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="c1"># windows系统</span>
venv<span class="se">\S</span>cripts<span class="se">\a</span>ctivate.bat
<span class="c1"># linux系统 </span>
<span class="nb">source</span> venv/bin/activate
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="导出此环境下安装的包的版本信息">导出此环境下安装的包的版本信息</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">pip freeze &gt; requirements.txt
<span class="c1"># 新虚拟环境下，复制导出的requirements.txt文件到scripts目录下，执行安装命令</span>
pip install -r requirements.txt
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h1 id="虚拟环境-pipenv">虚拟环境 pipenv</h1>
<hr>
<p>pipenv依赖：psutil, virtualenv-clone, pew, certifi, urllib3, chardet, requests, mccabe, pyflakes, pycodestyle, flake8等第三方模块</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Pipfile 其实一个 TOML 格式的文件，标识了该项目依赖包的基本信息，还区分了生产环境和开发环境的包标识，作用上类似 requirements.txt 文件，但是功能更为强大。Pipfile.lock 详细标识了该项目的安装的包的精确版本信息、最新可用版本信息和当前库文件的 hash 值，顾明思义，它起了版本锁的作用，可以注意到当前 Pipfile.lock 文件中的 Django 版本标识为 ==2.0.2，意思是当前我们开发时使用的就是 2.0.2 版本，它可以起到版本锁定的功能。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="安装pipenv">安装pipenv</h2>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">pip install pipenv
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="初始化虚拟环境">初始化虚拟环境</h2>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="c1"># 创建pipenv</span>
pipenv install  <span class="o">(</span>--dev依赖<span class="o">)</span>
pipenv --three  <span class="c1"># 创建Python 3虚拟环境</span>
pipenv --two <span class="c1"># 创建Python 2虚拟环境</span>
pipenv --python 3.6 <span class="c1"># 创建python指定版本</span>
pipenv --site-packages <span class="c1"># 创建的虚拟环境加载系统已安装的 Python包</span>
<span class="c1"># 进入虚拟环境</span>
pipenv shell 
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="安装包-1">安装包</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="c1"># 通过Pipfile和Pipfile.lock安装依赖包</span>
pipenv install
<span class="c1"># 如果如果是想要安装[dev-packages]部分的包，需要执行</span>
pipenv install -d
<span class="c1"># 安装 requirements.txt依赖包</span>
pipenv install -r path/to/requirements.txt
<span class="c1"># 安装运行需要的包</span>
pipenv install  flask
<span class="c1"># --dev 安装仅仅开发时候需要的包</span>
pipenv install --dev pytest
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="产生-pipfilelock">产生 Pipfile.lock</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">pipenv lock
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="卸载包">卸载包</h2>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="c1"># 现在指定包</span>
pipenv unintall package
<span class="c1"># 卸载所有包</span>
pipenv uninstall --all
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="pipenv全局参数">pipenv全局参数</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">  check      <span class="c1"># 检查安全漏洞</span>
  graph      <span class="c1"># 显示当前依赖关系图信息</span>
  install    <span class="c1"># 安装虚拟环境或者第三方库</span>
  lock       <span class="c1"># 锁定并生成Pipfile.lock文件</span>
  open       <span class="c1"># 在编辑器中查看一个库</span>
  run        <span class="c1"># 在虚拟环境中运行命令</span>
  shell      <span class="c1"># 进入虚拟环境</span>
  uninstall  <span class="c1"># 卸载一个库</span>
  update     <span class="c1"># 卸载当前所有的包，并安装它们的最新版本</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="pipenv环境参数">pipenv环境参数</h2>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">  Options:
  --update         <span class="c1"># 更新Pipenv &amp; pip</span>
  --where          <span class="c1"># 显示项目文件所在路径</span>
  --venv           <span class="c1"># 显示虚拟环境实际文件所在路径</span>
  --py             <span class="c1"># 显示虚拟环境Python解释器所在路径</span>
  --envs           <span class="c1"># 显示虚拟环境的选项变量</span>
  --rm             <span class="c1"># 删除虚拟环境</span>
  --bare           <span class="c1"># 最小化输出</span>
  --completion     <span class="c1"># 完整输出</span>
  --man            <span class="c1"># 显示帮助页面</span>
  --three / --two  <span class="c1"># 使用Python 3/2创建虚拟环境（注意本机已安装的Python版本）</span>
  --python TEXT    <span class="c1"># 指定某个Python版本作为虚拟环境的安装源</span>
  --site-packages  <span class="c1"># 附带安装原Python解释器中的第三方库</span>
  --jumbotron      <span class="c1"># 不知道啥玩意....</span>
  --version        <span class="c1"># 版本信息</span>
  -h, --help       <span class="c1"># 帮助信息</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>推荐： <a href="https://blog.csdn.net/liuchunming033/article/details/39578019">Python的包管理工具pip的安装与使用</a></p>

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